Golden Retriever adalah anjing trah yang mulanya dibiakkan sebagai anjing pemburu untuk mengambil burung hasil buruan yang sudah ditembak.[1] Anjing trah ini termasuk jenis Retriever (pengambil) yang menemukan atau mengambilkan burung air atau unggas liar untuk pemburu. Bulu mereka keemasan (golden) di bawah sinar matahari sehingga disebut Golden Retriever. Mereka dibiakkan sebagai anjing yang secara intuisi menyenangi air. Sewaktu mengambil hewan buruan, mereka tidak menggigit secara kasar. Burung hasil buruan diberikan kepada pemburu dalam keadaan utuh dan tidak rusak.[2] Kecerdasan dan kepandaian yang beraneka ragam menjadikan Golden Retriever sebagai anjing multiguna. Di antaranya, mereka dipekerjakan sebagai anjing pelacak narkoba, anjing penyelamat (Search and Rescue), anjing pemburu, dan anjing penuntun.[3] Sifatnya yang bersahabat, sabar, dan selalu ingin menyenangkan hati pemiliknya, menjadikan Golden Retriever sebagai salah satu anjing keluarga yang paling populer di dunia (menurut statistik pendaftaran anjing).[4]
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Penampilan
Standar Britania
Sejumlah variasi penampilan lazim ditemui pada Golden Retriever standar/tipe Britania di Eropa dan Australia,[5] dan Golden Retriever keturunan Amerika. Perbedaan tersebut juga tercermin dalam standar trah untuk Golden Retriever. Standar Britania bertulang lebih besar, tubuh lebih pendek, kepala yang lebih persegi, dan moncong yang umumnya sedikit agar besar. Tinggi jantan diukur sampai ke ujung atas tulang bahu harus antara 56 cm dan 61 cm, sementara betina sedikit lebih pendek, antara 51 dan 56 cm. Walaupun demikian, standar Britania tidak mencantumkan soal berat. Dibandingkan keturunan Inggris, pada Golden Retriver keturunan Amerika, kedua mata terpisah agak jauh, dan bisa agak sipit dan segitiga. Golden Retriever asal pembiakan di Inggris bisa berwarna emas (oranye) atau krem dalam berbagai nuansa warna, asalkan bukan merah atau mahoni. Pada awalnya, Golden Retriever warna krem tidak bisa diakui menurut standar Britania. Standar direvisi pada tahun 1936 untuk mengakui warna krem. Tidak diakuinya warna krem merupakan kesalahan. Retriever warna "kuning" dari abad ke-19, warnanya bahkan lebih muda dari standar yang ada sekarang. Seperti halnya di Amerika Serikat, Golden Retriever warna putih tidak bisa disertakan dalam kontes anjing.[6] Standar The Kennel Club Britania Raya dipakai di semua negara, kecuali di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada.Standar Amerika
Dibandingkan tipe Britania, Golden Retriever tipe Amerika lebih pendek dan lebih kurus. Tinggi jantan diukur sampai ke ujung atas tulang bahu antara 58 cm dan 61 cm, sementara betina antara 55 cm dan 57 cm. Berat jantan antara 27,2 kg hingga 36,3 kg, sementara berat betina 24,94 kg hingga 36,28 kg.[7] Bulu Golden Retriever memiliki berbagai warna keemasan, tumbuh lebat dan berminyak sehingga antiair. Dibandingkan bulu di bagian lain, bulu jumbai berwarna lebih muda. Gaya berlarinya harus bebas, mulus, bertenaga, dan koordinasi keempat kaki harus baik.[8] Golden Retriever tipe Amerika diimpor dari Skotlandia pada akhir abad ke-19, hasil dari pemacakan Tweed Water Spaniel yang sekarang sudah punah dan Retriever berbulu merah berombak.[9]Warna bulu
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| Negara asal | Britania Raya | |||
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Referensi
- ^ Sporting Breeds: Golden Retriever. Animal Forum.com. Diakses pada 30 November 2007.
- ^ "Enter The Golden Retriever". Article3000.com. Diakses pada 7 Desember 2007.
- ^ Classification: The Versatile Golden Retriever. Buzzle.com. Diakses pada 4 Februari 2007.
- ^ AKC Dog Registration Statistics. AKC.org Diakses pada 7 Desember 2007.
- ^ ANKC Golden Retriever standard. ANKC. Diakses pada 16 Desember 2007.
- ^ a b White Golden Retrievers Golden Retriever Club of America. Diakses pada 27 Januari 2008.
- ^ <http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/goldenretriever.htm>
- ^ AKC Golden Retriever standard. American Kennel Club. Retrieved on 4 Februari 2007.
- ^ Brief History and Origin of the Golden Retriever Golden Retriever Club of America. Diakses pada 16 Februari 2007.
- ^ a b KC Golden Retriever standard. UK Kennel Club. Diakses pada 30 November 2007.
Pranala luar
- (en) Golden Retriever Foundation, yayasan yang mempelajari penyakit, kelainan genetika, cedera yang sering dialami Golden Retriever
- (en) Keweras Golden Retriever Rescue
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Retriever
2.SIBERIAN HUSKY
Siberian Husky (bahasa Rusia: Сибирский хаски, Sibirskiy Haski) termasuk dalam jenis anjing ras berukuran medium dan berbulu tebal. Anjing ras ini tidak ganas, bahkan terlalu baik dan manja terhadap manusia. Ras ini sekilas mirip serigala, mungkin juga diperkirakan terjadi karena hasil persilangan alam.
Aslinya ras ini dikembangkan oleh masyarakat Chukchi di daerah Asia timur laut sebagai anjing penarik kereta untuk membawa beban. Tahun 1909, pertama kalinya sejumlah anjing ini dibawa ke Alaska untuk bertanding dalam pertandingan jarak jauh seluruh Alaska. Dan disanalah ketahanan tubuh dan kecepatan lari anjing dari Siberia ini mulai dikenal.
Pada musim dingin di Tahun 1925, ketika demam Diptheria melanda kota Nome, suatu daerah terpencil di Alaska, tim estafet anjing ini membawa serum penyelamat hidup manusia dari daerah Neana yang jaraknya cukup jauh. Usaha keras bersemangatkan kepahlawanan dari para pengendara dan anjingnya ini mendapatkan penghargaan nasional. Salah satu pengendara, Leonhard Seppala, membawa tim Siberian Huskynya, keturunan asli yang diimport dari Siberia, ke Amerika Serikat dalam perjalanan pertunjukan pribadinya. Ketika di Inggris, dia bertanding dalam pertandingan anjing penarik kereta dan sekali lagi membuktikan kekuatan dari Siberian Husky yang mengalahkan anjing-anjing lokal lainnya. Negara Inggris memberikan penghargaan pengakuan terhadap anjing ras ini pada Tahun 1930 dan Klub Siberian Husky didirikan di Amerika Tahun 1938.
Siberian Husky memiliki sifat yang menyenangkan. Dia sangat mesra. Watak yang lembut dan bersahabat ini mungkin terjadi sebagai warisan masa lalu, sejak masyarakat Chukchi memelihara anjing-anjing ini dalam penghargaan yang besar. Mereka merumahkan anjing-anjing ini dalam perlindungan keluarga dan mendorong anak-anak mereka untuk bermain bersamanya. Sekarang ini, sangat mempesona untuk mengamati bagaimana Siberian Husky dan anak-anak saling memiliki satu sama lain. Siberian Husky sangat waspada, gemar menyenangkan dan mudah menyesuaikan diri. Tingkat kecerdasannya telah dibuktikan, tetapi jiwa merdekanya setiap waktu menantang kecerdikan manusia. Kemampuan serba bisanya membuat dia menjadi teman yang serasi bagi manusia pada semua umur pada berbagai kesukaan.
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| Negara asal | Rusia | |||
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http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Husky
3.ROTTWEILER
This article is about the dog breed. For other uses, see Rottweiler (disambiguation).
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| Nicknames | Rottie Rott | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Country of origin | Germany | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Rottweiler was kept busy in these traditional roles until the mid-19th century when railroads replaced droving for getting livestock to market. Although there are still Rottweilers working stock all over the world, many other roles have been found for this versatile breed.
During the First and Second World Wars, Rottweilers were put into service in various roles including as messenger, draught, and guard dogs. Currently they are often used as search and rescue, assistance, guide dogs for the blind, guard and police dogs in addition to their traditional roles.
Contents[hide] |
History
The breed is an ancient one, whose history stretches back to the Roman Empire. In those times, the legions traveled with their meat on the hoof and required the assistance of working dogs to herd the cattle. One route the army traveled was through Württemberg and on to the small market town of Rottweil. The principal ancestors of the first Rottweilers during this time was supposed to be the Roman droving dog, local dogs the army met on its travels, and dogs with molosser appearance coming from England and The Netherlands.
This region was eventually to become an important cattle area, and the descendants of the Roman cattle dogs proved their worth in both driving and protecting the cattle from robbers and wild animals. However, by the end of the 19th century as railroads became the main method for moving stock to market, the breed had declined so much that in 1900 there was only one female to be found in the town of Rottweil.
The first Rottweiler club in Germany, named DRK ("Deutscher Rottweiler-Klub" — German Rottweiler Club) was created the 13 January 1907, and followed by the creation of the SDRK ("Süddeutscher Rottweiler-Klub" — South German Rottweiler Club) on the 27 April 1907 and became the IRK (International Rottweiler Club). The DRK counted around 500 Rottweiler, the SDRK 3000 Rottweilers. The goals of the two clubs were different. The DRK wanted to produce working dogs and did not emphasize the morphology of the Rottweiler. The main stud dog of this club was Lord von der Teck. The IRK tried to produce a homogeneous morphology according to their standard. One of the main stud dogs of this club was Ralph von Neckar.
The various German Rottweiler Clubs amalgamated to form the Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiller Klub - e.V (ADRK) which is recognised worldwide as the home club of the Rottweiler.
The build up to World War I saw a great demand for police dogs, and that led to a revival of interest in the Rottweiler. From that time the breed has become popular with dog owners, and in 1935 was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club. In 1936, Rottweilers were exhibited in Britain at Crufts. In 1966, a separate register was opened for the breed. In fact, in the mid 1990s, the popularity of the Rottweiler reached an all time high with it being the 1st most registered dog by the American Kennel Club. [4]
Rottweilers were said to have been used by travelling butchers at markets during the middle ages to guard money pouches tied around their necks. [5]
Description
- Stop
- Snout (teeth, tongue)
- Dewlap (throat, neck skin)
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Forefeet
- Highest Point of the Rump
- Leg (thigh and hip)
- Hock
- Hind feet
- Withers
- Stifle
- Paws
- Tai Head
The Rottweiler nose is well developed, more broad than round with relatively large nostrils and always black. The muzzle should appear neither elongated nor shortened in relation to the cranial region. The nasal bridge is broad at the base and moderately tapered.
The lips are black and close fitting with the corner of the mouth not visible. The gums should be as dark as possible.
Both the upper and lower jaws are strong and broad. According to the FCI Standard Rottweilers should have strong and complete dentition (42 teeth) with scissor bite, the upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors.
The zygomatic arches should be pronounced. The eyes should be of medium size, almond-shaped and dark brown in colour. The eyelids are close fitting.
The ears are medium-sized, pendant, triangular, wide apart, and set high on the head. With the ears laid forward close to the head, the skull appears to be broadened.
The skin on the head is tight fitting overall. When the dog is alert, the forehead may be slightly wrinkled.
Neck
Strong, of fair length, well muscled, slightly arched, clean, free from throatiness, without dewlap and very long neckBody
The back is straight, strong and firm. The loins are short, strong and deep.The Croup is broup, of medium length, and slightly rounded, neither flat nor falling away. The chest is roomy, broad and deep (approximately 50 % of the shoulder height) with a well developed forechest and well sprung ribs. The flanks are not tucked up.Tail
Limbs
When seen from the front, the front legs are straight and not placed too closely to each other. The forearm, seen from the side, stands straight and vertical. The slope of the shoulder blade is about 45 degrees to the horizontal. The shoulders are well laid back. The upper arm is close fitting to the body. The forearm is strongly developed and muscular. Pasterns are slightly springy, strong but not steep. The front feet are round, tight and well arched, the pads hard, nails are short, black and strong.When seen from behind, the rear legs are straight and not too close together. When standing free, obtuse angles are formed between the dog’s upper thigh and the hip bone, the upper thigh and the lower thigh, and the lower thigh and metatarsal. The upper thigh is moderately long, broad and strongly muscled. The lower thigh is long, strongly and broadly muscled, sinewy. The hocks are sturdy, well angulated, not steep. The hind feet are slightly longer than the front feet. Toes are strong, arched, as tight as the front feet.
Gait
The Rottweiler is a trotting dog. In movement the back remains firm and relatively stable. Movement is harmonious, steady, full of energy and unrestricted, with good stride. Loves to play and run around.Coat
The coat consists of a top coat and an undercoat. The top coat is of medium length, coarse, dense and flat. The undercoat must not show through the top coat. The hair is a little longer on the hindlegs.Rottweilers living in hot climates may have aclimatised and may be missing the undercoat.
Rottweiler coats tend to be low maintenance, although they experience heavy shedding prior to their seasons (females) or seasonally (males).
[edit] Size
Technically a "medium / large" breed, according to the FCI standard the Rottweiler stands 61 to 68 cm (24-27 inches) at the withers for males, and 56 to 62.5 cm (22-25 inches) for females, and the average weight is 50 kg (110 pounds) for males and 42 kg (93 pounds) for females.[6]Temperament
According to the FCI Standard, the Rottweiler is good-natured, placid in basic disposition and fond of children, it is very devoted, obedient, biddable and eager to work. Their appearance is natural and rustic, their behaviour self-assured, steady and fearless. They react to their surroundings with great alertness. [7]The American Kennel Club says it is basically a calm, confident and courageous dog with a self-assured aloofness that does not lend itself to immediate and indiscriminate friendships. A Rottweiler is self-confident and responds quietly and with a wait-and-see attitude to influences in its environment. It has an inherent desire to protect home and family, and is an intelligent dog of extreme hardness and adaptability with a strong willingness to work, making him especially suited as a companion, guardian and general all-purpose dog. [8]
Rottweilers are a powerful breed with well developed genetic herding and guarding instincts. As with any breed, potentially dangerous behaviour in Rottweilers usually results from irresponsible ownership, abuse, neglect, or lack of socialization and training. Inherent breed characteristics are not a factor.
The breed has received some negative publicity. In the US, in a report by the CDC, the Rottweiler was listed as the second most likely breed of dog named in fatal human attacks, following pitbulls. The report acknowledges that the broad popularity of the breed may contribute to high numbers of fatalities, but suggests Rottweilers are still disproportionately represented in attack figures. Breed-specific bite rates are not known, and less responsible owners being drawn to certain breeds may be a factor.[9] American insurance company Example: Allstate, American Family Mutual Insurance (depending on the state) may not insure homes with Rottweilers as well as Pit Bulls, Boxers, Akitas, Chow Chows, Dobermans, or wolf hybrids.[10]
The portrayal of Rottweilers as evil dogs in several fictional films and TV series, most notably in The Omen, and negative press has added to their negative publicity. This has led to Rottweilers being banned in some municipalities and are sometimes targeted as dangerous dogs by legislation, such as in the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and the Republic of Ireland. However, the Dutch law has since been changed as of 2008. On the other hand, not all mainstream media has portrayed the breed in a negative light: for example, a gentler side of the Rottweiler's personality was observed in the movie Lethal Weapon 3 where a Rottweiler guarding a gun smuggling operation was placated by the main character, played by Mel Gibson, with dog treats. The dog was subsequently rescued and de facto adopted by the protagonist. Also, in the HBO series Entourage a rottweiler is a dear pet of the main characters. Cujo the loveable family dog and voice of the official website in the TV series Kath and Kim, is played by National Rottweiler Council (Australia) Champion and Dual Champion (Tracking) Goodiesway Basko (AI) C.D.X. E.T.
Working style
 | This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (June 2009) |
The Rottweiler will often carry the head on an even plane with the back or carry the head up but have the neck and shoulders lowered. Some females will lower the entire front end slightly when using eye. Males will also do this when working far off the stock in an open field. This is rarely seen in males when working in confined spaces such as stock yards.
The Rottweiler has a reasonably good natural balance, force-barks when necessary and when working cattle uses a very intimidating charge. There is a natural change in forcefulness when herding sheep. When working cattle he may use his body and shoulders and for this reason should be used on horned stock with caution.
The Rottweiler, when working cattle, will search out the dominant animal and challenge it. Upon proving his control over that animal he will settle back and tend to his work.
Some growers have found that Rottweilers are especially suited to move stubborn stock that simply ignore Border Collies, Kelpies etc. A Rottweiler will use their body to physically force the stubborn animal to do his bidding if necessary.
When working sheep the Rottweiler shows a gathering/fetching style and reams directions easily. He drives sheep with ease.
If worked on the same stock for any length of time the Rottweiler tends to develop a bond with the stock and will become quite affectionate with them as long as they do as he says. [11]
Health
An ancient breed with millions of individuals in the gene pool. Rottweilers are a relatively healthy, disease free breed. As with most large breeds "Hip Dysplasia" can be a problem. However the various Rottweiler breed clubs have had x-ray testing regimes in place for many years. A reputable breeder will have the hips and elbows of all breeding stock x-rayed and read by a recognised specialist. They will have paperwork to prove it.They will also have certificates that their breeding animals do not have Entropian or Ectropian and that they have full and complete dentition with a scissor bite.
As with any species, hereditary conditions do occur in some lines. Potential purchasers should question breeders about any history of hereditary disease in their lines.
Notes
- ^ Fédération CynoIogique Internationale-Standard N° 147/ 19. 06. 2000 / GB The Rottweiler. Translated by - Mrs C. Seidler Country of Origin – Germany. Available online at ADRK websiteRottweiler Breed Standard
- ^ FCI Standard N° 147 Op. Cit.
- ^ Schanzle, Manfred, Studies In The Breed History Of The Rottweiler. German edition Published by Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiller Klub - e.V. 1967. English edition published jointly by Colonial Rottweiler Club & Medallion Rottweiler Club - Sept 1969. 1981 Printing (updated) - Published by Powderhorn Press 3320 Wonderview Plaza, Hollywood,CA90068. Copyright 1981 Clara Hurley
- ^ The History of the Rottweiler
- ^ [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510712/Rottweiler
- ^ FCI Standard N° 147 Op. Cit.
- ^ FCI Standard N° 147 Op. Cit.
- ^ American Keneel Club Standard for the Rottweiler
- ^ Breeds of dog involved in fatal human attacks in the U.S. between 1979 and 1998
- ^ "Washington Bill Asks Insurers to Consider Dogs' Deeds, not their Breeds". Insurancejournal.com. 2005-03-18. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/west/2005/03/18/52721.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
- ^ National Dog - The Ringleader Way, Volume 12 Number 1&2, Jan/Feb 2009 Breed Feature "Bernese Mountain Dogs, Leonbergers & Rottweilers", page 12.
References
- Blackmore, Joan. A Dog Owners Guide to the Rottweiler
- Brace, Andrew H. (Ed), The Ultimate Rottweiler, Ringpress Books, Surrey, 2003. ISBN 1-86054-263-8
- Coren,Stanley. The Intelligence of Dogs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. (1994).
- Chardets,. Know your Rottweiler
- Australian National Kennel Council, Extended Breed Standard of the Rottweiler. Available online at http://www.ankc.org.au/_uploads/docs/95711BSE_Rottweiler.pdf
- Fédération Cynologique Internationale-Standard N° 147/ 19. 06. 2000 / GB The Rottweiler. Translated by - Mrs C. Seidler Country of Origin – Germany.
- Kaneene JB, Mostosky UV, Miller R. Update of a retrospective cohort study of changes in hip joint phenotype of dogs evaluated by the OFA in the United States, 1989-2003. Vet Surg 2009;38:398-405. Link to abstract: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122297360/abstract
- National Dog - The Ringleader Way, Volume 12 Number 1 & 2, Jan/Feb 2009 Breed Feature "Bernese Mountain Dogs, Leonbergers & Rottweilers".
- Pettengell, Jim. The Rottweiler
- Pirnkoss, Adolf. Rottweiler
- Schanzle, Manfred, Studies In The Breed History Of The Rottweiler. German edition Published by Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiller - Klub (ADRK) E.V. 1967 English edition published jointly by Colonial Rottweiler Club & Medallion Rottweiler Club - Sept 1969. 1981 Printing (updated) - Published by Powderhorn Press 3320 Wonderview Plaza, Hollywood, CA90068.
- Yrjola, J.A.U. & Tikka, Elvi. Our Friend the Rottweiler.
- External links
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